%PDF-1.4 % 26 0 obj <>stream /Artifact <>BDC q 1 i 0 841.89 595.276 -841.89 re 297.645 420.96 m W n .015015 841.89 595.29 -841.89 re W n .15 .2 0 0 k /GS1 gs .015015 62.362 595.29 717.165 re f EMC /P <>BDC BT /F1 1 Tf 43 0 0 43 203.1982 611.6876 Tm .9 1 0 0 k -.015 Tc 0 Tw [(L)57.1(G)0(B)32.2(T+ v)5.1(olunt)20(eering )]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 43 0 0 43 549.0692 611.6876 Tm 0 Tc ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 43 0 0 43 203.1982 551.4878 Tm -.015 Tc [(in higher educ)10(ation:)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 43 0 0 43 534.1693 551.4878 Tm 0 Tc ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 43 0 0 43 203.1982 491.2879 Tm -.015 Tc [(C)10(ommunit)-14.9(y and )]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 43 0 0 43 483.8545 491.2879 Tm 0 Tc ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 43 0 0 43 203.1982 431.0881 Tm -.015 Tc [(ambiv)5.1(alenc)20(e )]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 51 0 0 51 423.3093 431.0881 Tm 0 Tc ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /F2 1 Tf 0 227 -227 0 149.8409 30.4516 Tm 0 0 0 0 k -.065 Tc [(REPOR)15.1(T)]TJ ET EMC /Artifact <>BDC 0 0 0 0 K 0 J 0 j 1 w 10 M [] 0 d q 1 0 0 1 206.198 593.16 cm 0 0 m 397.583 0 l S Q EMC /Artifact <>BDC q 1 0 0 1 206.198 530.433 cm 0 0 m 397.583 0 l S Q EMC /Artifact <>BDC q 1 0 0 1 206.198 471.803 cm 0 0 m 397.583 0 l S Q EMC /Artifact <>BDC q 1 0 0 1 206.198 414.174 cm 0 0 m 397.583 0 l S Q EMC /P <>BDC BT /F3 1 Tf 18 0 0 18 203.2675 330.9848 Tm .9 1 0 0 k -.015 Tc [(Pippa S)10(t)20(erk )]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /F4 1 Tf 18 0 0 18 297.7131 330.9848 Tm 0 Tc ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 18 0 0 18 203.2675 306.9848 Tm -.0152 Tc .0002 Tw [(PhD student)-6.1(/Gr)35(aduat)19.8(e T)107(e)4.9(aching A)-20(s)4.9(sist)13(ant)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 18 0 0 18 508.5208 306.9848 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 18 0 0 18 203.2675 282.9848 Tm -.0152 Tc .0002 Tw [(King)63(s)-.2( C)7.9(ollege, L)6.9(ondon)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 18 0 0 18 367.004 282.9848 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 18 0 0 18 203.2675 258.9848 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /F5 1 Tf 18 0 0 18 203.2675 234.9848 Tm -.015 Tc [(L)57.1(G)0(B)32.2(T+ Liber)25.1(ation)-44.9(: L)57.1(G)0(B)32.2(T+ liv)5.1(es and is)5.1(sues)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 18 0 0 18 491.6427 234.9848 Tm 0 Tc ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 18 0 0 18 203.2675 210.9848 Tm -.015 Tc [(in the c)20(ont)20(e)17.1(x)-4.9(t o)20(f)0( normativities)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 18 0 0 18 417.2292 210.9848 Tm 0 Tc ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 18 0 0 18 203.2675 186.9848 Tm -.015 Tc [(ʵ C)10(onf)33.2(er)33.2(enc)20(e, )]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 18 0 0 18 327.4779 186.9848 Tm -.025 Tc [(Nov)5.1(ember 2021)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /F4 1 Tf 23 0 0 23 445.3411 186.9848 Tm 0 Tc ( )Tj ET EMC Q endstream endobj 27 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>>> endobj 60 0 obj <>stream /Artifact <>BDC q 1 i 0 841.89 595.276 -841.89 re 297.645 420.96 m W n .015015 841.89 595.29 -841.89 re W n .342 .38 0 0 k /GS1 gs 527.244 62.362 68.061 717.166 re f EMC /P <>BDC BT /F6 1 Tf 31 0 0 31 45.3543 756.6184 Tm .9 1 0 0 k -.015 Tc 0 Tw [(Summar)-13.9(y )]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 31 0 0 31 167.5229 756.6184 Tm 0 Tc ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC /GS2 gs BT /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 93.5433 734.1184 Tm 0 0 0 1 k [(In this paper I r)33.2(epor)-14.9(t on my PhD r)33.2(ese)5.1(ar)33.2(ch, wher)33.2(e I inv)5.1(es)5.1(tigat)20(e the w)13.2(a)0(y)-9.8(s)0( in which L)57.1(G)0(B)32.2(T)0(+)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 484.2514 734.1184 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 719.1184 Tm [(v)5.1(olunt)20(eers within English Higher E)5.1(duc)10(ation \(e.g. s)5.1(tudents v)5.1(olunt)20(eering f)33.2(or L)57.1(G)0(B)32.2(T+ socie)10(ties)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 498.3861 719.1184 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 704.1184 Tm [(and/)32.2(or S)15.1(tudents' Unions, or s)5.1(t)15.1(af)-9.8(f inv)5.1(olv)5.1(ed in their L)57.1(G)0(B)32.2(T+ s)5.1(t)15.1(af)-9.8(f ne)10(tw)7.1(ork\) describe their aims,)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 506.1857 704.1184 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 689.1184 Tm [(objec)-19.8(tiv)5.1(es, suc)20(c)20(e)0(s)5.1(ses and obs)5.1(t)15.1(acles in their v)5.1(olunt)20(eering w)7.1(ork)-29.8(. I am par)-14.9(ticularly int)20(er)33.2(es)5.1(t)20(ed in)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 507.5538 689.1184 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 674.1184 Tm [(whe)10(ther and how v)5.1(olunt)20(eers mak)20(e sense of their ambiv)5.1(alent position within and/)32.2(or agains)5.1(t)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 502.2303 674.1184 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 659.1184 Tm [(ins)5.1(titutional c)20(ont)20(e)17.1(x)-4.9(t)-39.8(,)0( ins)5.1(titutional image and ins)5.1(titutional his)5.1(t)20(o)0(r)-12(y)30(. I am using a Disc)20(ourse)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 485.1208 659.1184 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 644.1184 Tm [(Analy)-19.8(tic)10(al me)10(thodolog)-33(y t)20(o)0( analy)-9.8(se int)20(er)-29.8(views, f)33.2(ocus gr)33.2(oups, and univ)5.1(ersit)-14.9(y pr)33.2(omo)17.1(tional)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 485.7408 644.1184 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 629.1184 Tm [(mat)20(erial. This me)10(thodolog)-33(y allows me t)20(o)0( c)20(ollec)-19.8(t qualit)15.1(ativ)5.1(e dat)15.1(a that allows L)57.1(G)0(B)32.2(T)0(+)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 464.5505 629.1184 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 614.1184 Tm [(v)5.1(olunt)20(eers t)20(o)0( spe)5.1(ak on these t)20(opic)-9.8(s in their own w)7.1(o)0(r)33.2(ds. This c)20(ombination of dat)15.1(a will giv)5.1(e )]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 497.0663 614.1184 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 599.1184 Tm [(an insight int)20(o what is and is no)17.1(t c)20(onduciv)5.1(e f)33.2(or L)57.1(G)0(B)32.2(T+ w)7.1(orking r)33.2(elations in Higher E)5.1(duc)10(ation,)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 506.3489 599.1184 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 584.1184 Tm [(and will allow me t)20(o)0( f)33.2(ormulat)20(e r)33.2(e)0(c)20(ommendations f)33.2(or how univ)5.1(ersities c)10(an ac)-19.8(t in w)13.2(a)0(y)-9.8(s)0( that)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 496.6006 584.1184 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 569.1184 Tm [(mat)20(erially benefit L)57.1(G)0(B)32.2(T+ s)5.1(tudents, r)25.1(ather than implementing c)20(osme)10(tic changes. )]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 454.556 569.1184 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC /GS1 gs BT /F6 1 Tf 31 0 0 31 45.3543 526.1384 Tm .9 1 0 0 k -.015 Tc [(Intr)31(oduc)-22(tion)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC /GS2 gs BT /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 191.1775 526.1384 Tm 0 0 0 1 k 0 Tc ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 503.6384 Tm [(The beginning of the tw)20(ent)-14.9(y-firs)5.1(t c)20(entur)-12(y saw the Unit)20(ed Kingdom inv)5.1(olv)5.1(ed in a r)25.1(apid)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 478.5794 503.6384 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 488.6384 Tm [(ac)20(c)20(eler)25.1(ation of L)13.2(esbian, Gay)20(, Bise)17.1(xual and T)100.1(r)25.1(ans \(L)57.1(GB)32.2(T+\) legal inclusion - fr)33.2(om the pr)33.2(o)17.1(t)20(ec)-19.8(tion)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 510.2365 488.6384 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 473.6384 Tm [(fr)33.2(om w)7.1(orkplac)20(e har)25.1(as)5.1(sment on gr)33.2(ounds of gender r)33.2(e)5.1(as)5.1(signment or se)17.1(xual orient)15.1(ation)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 475.8434 473.6384 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 458.6384 Tm [(\(1999\), the right t)20(o)0( adoption \(2002\), legal r)33.2(e)0(c)20(ognition of one)30()65.2(s)0( gender identit)-14.9(y \(2004\), t)20(o)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 505.3879 458.6384 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 443.6384 Tm [(civil par)-14.9(tnership \(2004\), and ev)5.1(entually mar)10(riage \(2013\). F)7.1(u)0(r)-14.9(thermor)33.2(e, men who hav)5.1(e se)17.1(x)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 501.8101 443.6384 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 428.6384 Tm [(with men ar)33.2(e no longer banned fr)33.2(om donating blood in the UK as of 2021. This ban w)13.2(a)0(s)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 486.699 428.6384 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 413.6384 Tm [(initially implement)20(ed in the 1980s among f)33.2(e)5.1(ar of donor blood being a sour)33.2(c)20(e)0( f)33.2(or the spr)33.2(e)5.1(a)0(d)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 503.7874 413.6384 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 398.6384 Tm [(of HIV)80.1(/)64.2(AIDS.)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC /GS1 gs BT /F4 1 Tf 7.2 0 0 7.2 149.5851 402.5985 Tm 0 .9 0 0 k (1)Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC /GS2 gs BT /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 153.9772 398.6384 Tm 0 0 0 1 k ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 161.8972 398.6384 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 376.1384 Tm [(Wher)33.2(e L)57.1(G)0(B)32.2(T+ identities w)20(e)0(r)33.2(e)0( initially legally c)20(ons)5.1(titut)20(ed as outside the imagined ide)5.1(al of the)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 505.6357 376.1384 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 361.1385 Tm [(UK as a nation \()-9.8(Anderson, 1983\), many of these identities hav)5.1(e now been bo)17.1(th)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 450.2135 361.1385 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 346.1385 Tm [(acknowledged and inc)20(orpor)25.1(at)20(ed as par)-14.9(t of this v)5.1(e)0(r)-12(y)0( ide)5.1(al, by r)33.2(e)0(c)20(ognising the pr)33.2(esenc)20(e of)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 491.4792 346.1385 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 331.1385 Tm [(\(some\) L)57.1(G)0(B)32.2(T+ people as law)-19.8(ful, and inc)20(orpor)25.1(ating L)57.1(G)0(B)32.2(T+ people int)20(o those r)33.2(e)5.1(alms of)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 475.3705 331.1385 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 316.1385 Tm [(subjec)-19.8(thood that ar)33.2(e as)5.1(sociat)20(ed with \(r)33.2(e\)pr)33.2(oducing the futur)33.2(e \(E)5.1(delman, 2004\) of a nation)30()65.2(s)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 508.7217 316.1385 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 301.1385 Tm [(population: mar)10(riage, the w)7.1(orkplac)20(e, he)5.1(althc)10(ar)33.2(e, the milit)15.1(ar)-12(y)20(,)0( and child-r)33.2(e)5.1(aring. )]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 452.4957 301.1385 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 278.6385 Tm [(This of c)20(ourse does no)17.1(t me)5.1(an that L)57.1(G)0(B)32.2(T+ c)20(ommunities ar)33.2(e fr)33.2(ee fr)33.2(om oppr)33.2(es)5.1(sion, but that the)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 512.8905 278.6385 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 263.6385 Tm [(sour)33.2(c)20(e)0( of this oppr)33.2(es)5.1(sion is no longer alw)13.2(ay)-9.8(s e)5.1(asily identified in appar)25.1(atuses that \(r)33.2(e\)pr)33.2(oduc)20(e)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 510.5131 263.6385 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 248.6385 Tm [(the nation. Wher)33.2(e legal rights t)20(o)0( join in civic lif)33.2(e might hav)5.1(e been a priorit)-14.9(y f)33.2(or some L)57.1(G)0(B)32.2(T)0(+)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 502.0152 248.6385 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 233.6385 Tm [(adv)5.1(oc)10(ac)-19.8(y gr)33.2(oupings in the pas)5.1(t)-39.8(,)0( ther)33.2(e is now the much les)5.1(s e)5.1(asily definable/)10(me)5.1(asur)25.1(able t)15.1(ask)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 507.3001 233.6385 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 218.6385 Tm [(of enac)-19.8(ting social change. It should also be no)17.1(t)20(ed that the right t)20(o)0( join in civic lif)33.2(e has no)17.1(t)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 492.0994 218.6385 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 203.6385 Tm [(been e)17.1(x)-4.9(t)20(ended t)20(o)0( ev)5.1(er)-12(y L)57.1(G)0(B)32.2(T+ person equally)30(. Indeed, inc)20(orpor)25.1(ation of some L)57.1(G)0(B)32.2(T+ people)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 506.0949 203.6385 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 188.6385 Tm [(int)20(o the nation, c)10(an be pr)33.2(edic)10(at)20(ed on the oppr)33.2(es)5.1(sion of o)17.1(ther L)57.1(G)0(B)32.2(T+ people \(Puar)68.1(, 2007;)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 492.1378 188.6385 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 173.6385 Tm (Jourian, 2015\). )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 165.7583 173.6385 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 151.1385 Tm [(It is agains)5.1(t this back)20(gr)33.2(ound of incr)33.2(e)5.1(ased legal ac)20(c)20(ept)15.1(anc)20(e \(but also ac)10(ademic and c)20(ommunal)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 508.0575 151.1385 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 136.1385 Tm [(ambiv)5.1(alenc)20(e ar)33.2(ound the national r)33.2(ole)30( of gender and se)17.1(xualit)-14.9(y that this legal ac)20(c)20(ept)15.1(anc)20(e is)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 496.7488 136.1385 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 121.1385 Tm [(built on\) that I am c)20(onduc)-19.8(ting my r)33.2(ese)5.1(ar)33.2(ch on the e)17.1(xperienc)20(es and int)20(entions of L)57.1(G)0(B)32.2(T)0(+)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 483.3806 121.1385 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 106.1385 Tm [(v)5.1(olunt)20(eers in Higher E)5.1(duc)10(ation \(HE\) in England. With the v)5.1(a)0(s)5.1(t)0( majorit)-14.9(y of English univ)5.1(ersities)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 507.7619 106.1385 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 91.1385 Tm [(having visible v)5.1(olunt)20(eer-run L)57.1(G)0(B)32.2(T+ s)5.1(tudent socie)10(ties, and ov)5.1(er half of univ)5.1(ersities having)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 493.2957 91.1385 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 76.1385 Tm .0001 Tc -.0001 Tw [(v)5.2(olunt)20.1(eer-run L)57.2(G).1(B)32.3(T+ s)5.2(t)15.2(af)-9.7(f ne)10.1(tw)7.2(orks, it is cle)5.2(ar that ther)33.3(e is a c)20.1(e).1(r)-14.8(t)15.2(ain demand f)33.3(or these)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 484.6595 76.1385 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC /GS1 gs BT 0 19.6 -19.6 0 566.4054 82.2047 Tm .9 1 0 0 k -.005 Tc [(L)57.1(G)0(B)32.2(T+ V)21(O)0(L)33.2(UNTEERING IN HIGHER EDUC)-32.9(A)93(TION: C)32.2(O)12.2(M)5.1(MUNIT)-19.8(Y AND AMBIV)90.1(ALENCE)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /F6 1 Tf 18 0 0 18 556.0398 786.0681 Tm 0 1 0 0 k 0 Tc (2)Tj ET EMC /Artifact <>BDC .9 1 0 0 k .015015 62.362 14.158 717.166 re f EMC Q endstream endobj 61 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>>> endobj 85 0 obj <>stream /Artifact <>BDC q 1 i 0 841.89 595.276 -841.89 re 297.645 420.96 m W n .015015 841.89 595.29 -841.89 re W n .342 .38 0 0 k /GS1 gs 527.244 62.362 68.061 717.166 re f EMC /P <>BDC BT /F1 1 Tf 0 19.6 -19.6 0 566.4054 82.2047 Tm .9 1 0 0 k -.005 Tc 0 Tw [(L)57.1(G)0(B)32.2(T+ V)21(O)0(L)33.2(UNTEERING IN HIGHER EDUC)-32.9(A)93(TION: C)32.2(O)12.2(M)5.1(MUNIT)-19.8(Y AND AMBIV)90.1(ALENCE)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /F6 1 Tf 18 0 0 18 556.0398 786.0681 Tm 0 1 0 0 k 0 Tc (3)Tj ET EMC /Artifact <>BDC .9 1 0 0 k .015015 62.362 14.158 717.166 re f EMC /P <>BDC /GS2 gs BT /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 93.5433 771.3986 Tm 0 0 0 1 k [(c)20(ommunities in the HE sec)-19.8(t)20(o)0(r)48.1(.)0( How)20(ev)5.1(er)68.1(, the func)-19.8(tion and aims of these c)20(ommunities, as w)20(ell)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 508.5088 771.3986 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 756.3986 Tm [(as the e)17.1(xperienc)20(es of those who par)-14.9(ticipat)20(e and or)33.2(ganise within them, ar)33.2(e no)17.1(t alw)13.2(ay)-9.8(s cle)5.1(ar-)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 741.3986 Tm [(cut)-39.8(. It is my aim t)20(o)0( find out how L)57.1(G)0(B)32.2(T+ v)5.1(olunt)20(eers nar)10(r)25.1(a)0(t)20(e)0( the aims and objec)-19.8(tiv)5.1(es of their)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 499.5397 741.3986 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 726.3986 Tm .0001 Tc -.0001 Tw [(or)33.3(ganising)-19.7(, as w)20.1(ell as how they e)17.2(xperienc)20.1(e the \(lack of)-69.7(\) suppor)-14.8(t they r)33.3(e).1(c)20.1(eiv)5.2(e fr)33.3(om their)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 486.7426 726.3986 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 711.3986 Tm [(univ)5.1(ersit)-14.9(y)30(.)0( )]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 145.1086 711.3986 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 688.8986 Tm [(In this paper)68.1(, I will firs)5.1(tly giv)5.1(e a brief ov)5.1(er)-29.8(view of the univ)5.1(ersit)-14.9(y sec)-19.8(t)20(o)0(r)68.1(,)0( its appr)33.2(oach t)20(o)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 479.4836 688.8986 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 673.8986 Tm [(div)5.1(ersit)-14.9(y)20(,)0( and the r)33.2(ese)5.1(ar)33.2(ch done with L)57.1(G)0(B)32.2(T+ people in par)-14.9(ticular)48.1(. I will then outline how I aim)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 508.0637 673.8986 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 658.8986 Tm [(t)20(o)0( fill e)17.1(xis)5.1(ting gaps in the lit)20(er)25.1(atur)33.2(e in my r)33.2(ese)5.1(ar)33.2(ch, and how this r)33.2(elat)20(es t)20(o)0( my own)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 462.9303 658.8986 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 643.8986 Tm [(e)17.1(xperienc)20(es as an L)57.1(G)0(B)32.2(T+ v)5.1(olunt)20(eer)48.1(. I will f)33.2(ollow this by outlining the pr)33.2(oc)20(es)5.1(s of under)-14.9(t)15.1(aking)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 502.892 643.8986 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 628.8986 Tm [(pilo)17.1(t int)20(er)-29.8(views, and some pr)33.2(eliminar)-12(y findings that r)33.2(esult)20(ed fr)33.2(om these int)20(er)-29.8(views. I will)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 488.903 628.8986 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 613.8986 Tm .0001 Tc -.0001 Tw [(c)20.1(onclude by discus)5.2(sing what the ne)17.2(xt s)5.2(t)20.1(eps in this r)33.3(ese)5.2(ar)33.3(ch ar)33.3(e/will be. )]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 413.3769 613.8986 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC /GS1 gs BT /F2 1 Tf 14 0 0 14 93.5433 583.8986 Tm 0 1 0 0 k -.015 Tc [(Div)15.1(er)18.1(sit)-13.9(y in the univ)15.1(er)18.1(sit)-13.9(y )]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 14 0 0 14 261.1855 583.8986 Tm 0 Tc ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC /GS2 gs BT /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 93.5433 561.3981 Tm 0 0 0 1 k [(R)20(ese)5.1(ar)33.2(ching the cur)10(r)33.2(ent r)33.2(elationship be)10(tw)20(een English univ)5.1(ersities and the L)57.1(G)0(B)32.2(T+ people who)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 508.7025 561.3981 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 546.3981 Tm [(w)7.1(ork and s)5.1(tudy in them, inevit)15.1(ably me)5.1(ans r)33.2(ese)5.1(ar)33.2(ching the r)33.2(ole that mark)20(e)10(tisation of the HE)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 501.8389 546.3981 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 531.3981 Tm [(sec)-19.8(t)20(or has had on how div)5.1(ersit)-14.9(y is view)20(ed. S)15.1(tudies on the self-pr)33.2(omo)17.1(tional ef)-9.8(f)33.2(o)0(r)-14.9(ts of)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 474.8533 531.3981 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 516.3981 Tm [(univ)5.1(ersities hav)5.1(e f)33.2(ound that )30(div)5.1(ersit)-14.9(y)-19.8()0( has c)20(ome t)20(o)0( be seen by HE ins)5.1(titutions as an objec)-19.8(tiv)5.1(e)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 510.7135 516.3981 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 501.3981 Tm [(t)20(o)0( be achiev)5.1(ed \(Buckhar)33.2(dt e)10(t)0( al., 2016, p.2\), a se)10(t of v)5.1(alues t)20(o)0( be displayed publicly)20(, no)17.1(t jus)5.1(t)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 507.7512 501.3981 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 486.3981 Tm [(t)20(o)0( attr)25.1(ac)-19.8(t a div)5.1(erse s)5.1(tudent body)20(, but also t)20(o)0( appe)5.1(al t)20(o)0( po)17.1(t)20(ential inv)5.1(es)5.1(t)20(ors and o)17.1(ther financial)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 511.1333 486.3981 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 471.3981 Tm .0001 Tc -.0001 Tw [(s)5.2(t)15.2(ak)20.1(eholders \(M)5.2(orphew and Har)-14.8(tley)20.1(,).1( 2006\). )]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 298.5762 471.3981 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 448.8981 Tm [(Subsequently)20(, univ)5.1(ersities may phr)25.1(ase the implement)15.1(ation of equalit)-14.9(y and div)5.1(ersit)-14.9(y policies in)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 512.5579 448.8981 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 433.8981 Tm [(language that implies that equalit)-14.9(y div)5.1(ersit)-14.9(y has alw)13.2(ay)-9.8(s alr)33.2(e)5.1(ady been achiev)5.1(ed, r)25.1(ather than)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 498.9446 433.8981 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 418.8981 Tm [(r)33.2(epor)-14.9(ting on the out)20(c)20(ome or pr)33.2(ecise func)-19.8(tion of these policies \()-29.8(Tlili, 2007\). Alison Phipps)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 493.3936 418.8981 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 403.8981 Tm .0001 Tc -.0001 Tw [(ar)33.3(gues that univ)5.2(ersities hav)5.2(e an int)20.1(er)33.3(es)5.2(t in addr)33.3(es)5.2(sing the w)13.3(ay the univ)5.2(ersit)-14.8(y looks, r)25.2(ather)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 496.0796 403.8981 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 388.8981 Tm [(than the w)13.2(ay it is e)17.1(xperienc)20(ed. She names this dynamic )-29.8(ins)5.1(titutional airbrushing)5.1(, and ar)33.2(gues)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 507.7489 388.8981 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 373.8981 Tm [(that it is r)33.2(o)0(o)17.1(t)20(ed in the ide)5.1(a that enac)-19.8(ting s)-9.8(y)-9.8(s)5.1(t)20(emic change c)10(an be seen as an admis)5.1(sion that)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 502.288 373.8981 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 358.8981 Tm [(an ins)5.1(titution is s)-9.8(y)-9.8(s)5.1(t)20(emic)10(ally flaw)20(ed, which c)10(an attr)25.1(ac)-19.8(t negativ)5.1(e media att)20(ention \(Phipps,)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 490.2772 358.8981 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 343.8981 Tm (2020\). )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 128.6223 343.8981 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC /GS1 gs BT /F2 1 Tf 14 0 0 14 93.5433 313.8981 Tm 0 1 0 0 k -.015 Tc [(L)47.1(G)0(B)22.2(T+ at univ)15.1(er)18.1(sit)-13.9(y )]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 14 0 0 14 221.5367 313.8981 Tm 0 Tc ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC /GS2 gs BT /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 93.5433 291.4977 Tm 0 0 0 1 k [(A)25.1(t)0( the moment ther)33.2(e is a signific)10(ant lack of inv)5.1(es)5.1(tigation int)20(o the e)17.1(xperienc)20(es of L)57.1(G)0(B)32.2(T)0(+)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 486.0444 291.4977 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 276.5977 Tm [(people at English univ)5.1(ersities, as mos)5.1(t r)33.2(ese)5.1(ar)33.2(ch on this t)20(opic c)20(omes fr)33.2(om the Unit)20(ed S)15.1(t)15.1(a)0(t)20(es.)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 502.1457 276.5977 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 261.6977 Tm [(The e)17.1(xis)5.1(ting r)33.2(ese)5.1(ar)33.2(ch does no)17.1(t paint a hopeful pic)-19.8(tur)33.2(e - s)5.1(tudents hav)5.1(e a sev)5.1(er)33.2(e lack of trus)5.1(t)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 505.8458 261.6977 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 246.7977 Tm [(in their univ)5.1(ersit)-14.9(y handling is)5.1(sues of discrimination appr)33.2(opriat)20(ely)20(, with one UK-based s)5.1(tudy)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 500.4805 246.7977 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 231.8976 Tm [(r)33.2(epor)-14.9(ting that 86% of L)57.1(G)0(B)32.2(T+ s)5.1(tudents did no)17.1(t think that it w)13.2(as w)7.1(o)0(r)-14.9(th r)33.2(epor)-14.9(ting an incident)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 503.5733 231.8976 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 216.9977 Tm [(of homophobia, biphobia, or tr)25.1(ansphobia in their ins)5.1(titution \(Grimw)7.1(ood, 2017\). Similarly)20(, in a)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 509.4163 216.9977 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 202.0977 Tm [(qualit)15.1(ativ)5.1(e UK-based s)5.1(tudy on L)57.1(G)0(B)32.2(T+ s)5.1(t)15.1(af)-9.8(f tr)25.1(aining some par)-14.9(ticipants e)17.1(xpr)33.2(es)5.1(sed c)20(onc)20(ern)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 492.063 202.0977 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 187.1977 Tm [(that the tr)25.1(aining w)13.2(as no)17.1(t seen as a long-t)20(erm engagement with L)57.1(G)0(B)32.2(T+ inequalities, but)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 485.1567 187.1977 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 172.2977 Tm [(r)25.1(ather some)10(thing t)20(o)0( be tick)20(ed of)-9.8(f a checklis)5.1(t \(C)-9.8(alv)5.1(ar)33.2(d, OT)113(oole and Har)33.2(dwick, 2020, p.363\).)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 506.4135 172.2977 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 157.3977 Tm [(F)7.1(u)0(r)-14.9(thermor)33.2(e, a 2016 r)33.2(epor)-14.9(t c)20(o-cr)33.2(e)5.1(a)0(t)20(ed by the Univ)5.1(ersit)-14.9(y and C)10(olleges Union, the National)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 500.4852 157.3977 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 142.4977 Tm [(Union of S)15.1(tudents, the E)10(qualit)-14.9(y Challenge Unit and the L)13.2(e)5.1(arning and W)45.2(ork Ins)5.1(titut)20(e f)33.2(ound a)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 501.0266 142.4977 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 127.5978 Tm [(similar gap be)10(tw)20(een the pr)33.2(o)17.1(t)20(ec)-19.8(tion of L)57.1(G)0(B)32.2(T+ s)5.1(t)15.1(af)-9.8(f in principle, v)5.1(ersus doing so in pr)25.1(axis. The)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 506.8609 127.5978 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 112.6977 Tm [(r)33.2(epor)-14.9(t no)17.1(t)20(ed that while ne)5.1(arly 80% of s)5.1(t)15.1(af)-9.8(f in F)7.1(u)0(r)-14.9(ther and Higher E)5.1(duc)10(ation ins)5.1(titutions)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 485.9851 112.6977 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 97.7978 Tm [(mentioned that their ins)5.1(titution had policies in plac)20(e t)20(o)0( pr)33.2(o)17.1(t)20(ec)-19.8(t s)5.1(t)15.1(af)-9.8(f agains)5.1(t discrimination)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 498.9999 97.7978 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 82.8976 Tm [(based on se)17.1(xual orient)15.1(ation \(74% f)33.2(or gender identit)-14.9(y\), les)5.1(s than half thought that these)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 487.6883 82.8976 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 67.9978 Tm [(policies w)20(e)0(r)33.2(e)0( ef)-9.8(f)33.2(e)0(c)-19.8(tiv)5.1(e in ac)-19.8(tually t)15.1(ackling discrimination in the w)7.1(orkplac)20(e \(SGF)18.1(orum, 2016\).)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 508.5234 67.9978 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC Q endstream endobj 86 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>>> endobj 112 0 obj <>stream /Artifact <>BDC q 1 i 0 841.89 595.276 -841.89 re 297.645 420.96 m W n .015015 841.89 595.29 -841.89 re W n .342 .38 0 0 k /GS1 gs 527.244 62.362 68.061 717.166 re f EMC /P <>BDC /GS2 gs BT /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 93.5433 771.3984 Tm 0 0 0 1 k 0 Tc 0 Tw [(It seems that L)57.1(G)0(B)32.2(T+ people t)20(oo ar)33.2(e af)-9.8(f)33.2(e)0(c)-19.8(t)20(ed by the dynamic of ins)5.1(titutional airbrushing. )]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 490.9473 771.3984 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 749.0984 Tm [(F)7.1(u)0(r)-14.9(thermor)33.2(e, while e)17.1(x)-4.9(t)20(ensiv)5.1(e chr)33.2(onicling and ar)33.2(chiving of par)-14.9(ticular L)57.1(G)0(B)32.2(T+ s)5.1(tudent socie)10(ties)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 507.3333 749.0984 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 734.2983 Tm [(has t)15.1(a)0(k)20(en plac)20(e \(Ghaziani, 2011; ORior)33.2(dan and W)45.2(ebb)15.1(, 2020\), ther)33.2(e seem t)20(o)0( be no s)5.1(tudies)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 500.5541 734.2983 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 719.4984 Tm [(that c)20(ompar)25.1(ativ)5.1(ely e)17.1(xplor)33.2(e L)57.1(G)0(B)32.2(T+ v)5.1(olunt)20(eering c)20(ommunities as c)20(ommunities, including all of)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 507.7031 719.4984 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 704.6984 Tm [(the c)20(ontr)25.1(adic)-19.8(tions, similarities, and dif)-9.8(f)33.2(e)0(r)33.2(enc)20(es within and be)10(tw)20(een c)20(ommunities that this)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 494.3383 704.6984 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 689.8984 Tm [(kind of r)33.2(ese)5.1(ar)33.2(ch c)10(an unc)20(ov)5.1(er)48.1(. M)15.1(y)0( own e)17.1(xperienc)20(es of v)5.1(olunt)20(eering in L)57.1(G)0(B)32.2(T+ socie)10(ties and)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 494.9716 689.8984 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 675.0984 Tm .0001 Tc -.0001 Tw [(ne)10.1(tw)7.2(orks has been ambiv)5.2(alent)-39.7(. On the one hand, it gav)5.2(e me a sense of purpose t)20.1(o).1( help)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 484.421 675.0984 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 660.2984 Tm [(sus)5.1(t)15.1(ain a c)20(ommunit)-14.9(y of lik)20(e-minded people. On the o)17.1(ther hand, it also seemed t)20(o)0( me that)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 494.9167 660.2984 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 645.4984 Tm [(these c)20(ommunities ar)33.2(e under a lo)17.1(t of pr)33.2(es)5.1(sur)33.2(e t)20(o)0( pr)33.2(ovide es)5.1(sential ser)-29.8(vic)20(es, despit)20(e no)17.1(t)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 484.9617 645.4984 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 630.6984 Tm [(alw)13.2(ay)-9.8(s having the r)33.2(esour)33.2(c)20(es, e)17.1(xper)-14.9(tise, or funding t)20(o)0( do so. Ov)5.1(er the ye)5.1(ars I hav)5.1(e seen these)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 510.0977 630.6984 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 615.8983 Tm [(c)20(ommunities be used t)20(o)0( ac)20(c)20(e)0(s)5.1(s)0( ment)15.1(al he)5.1(alth suppor)-14.9(t)-39.8(,)0( housing suppor)-14.9(t)-39.8(,)0( e)17.1(x)15.1(change he)5.1(althc)10(ar)33.2(e)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 511.3272 615.8983 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 601.0984 Tm [(inf)33.2(ormation, pr)33.2(ovide guidanc)20(e on v)5.1(arious kinds of tr)25.1(auma \(including se)17.1(xual violenc)20(e, f)27.1(amilial)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 502.0074 601.0984 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 586.2984 Tm [(abuse, and phy)-9.8(sic)10(al violenc)20(e\), and as spac)20(es t)20(o)0( fundr)25.1(aise f)33.2(or priv)5.1(at)20(e medic)10(al tr)33.2(e)5.1(atment)-39.8(. )]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 487.2847 586.2984 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 563.8983 Tm [(M)15.1(y)0( pr)33.2(eliminar)-12(y r)33.2(ese)5.1(ar)33.2(ch has shown that being a v)5.1(olunt)20(eer within a univ)5.1(ersit)-14.9(y se)10(tting c)10(ame)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 499.3522 563.8983 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 548.9984 Tm [(with par)-14.9(ticular ambiv)5.1(alenc)20(es that ar)33.2(e specific t)20(o)0( the HE sec)-19.8(t)20(o)0(r)48.1(.)0( In s)5.1(tudent v)5.1(olunt)20(eers)10( c)10(ases,)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 505.4593 548.9984 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 534.0984 Tm [(these ser)-29.8(vic)20(es w)20(e)0(r)33.2(e)0( pr)33.2(ovided on t)20(op of s)5.1(tudying f)33.2(or a degr)33.2(ee, f)33.2(or which the s)5.1(tudent is paying)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 511.8235 534.0984 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 519.1984 Tm [(tuition f)33.2(ees that hav)5.1(e incr)33.2(e)5.1(ased ov)5.1(er thr)33.2(eef)33.2(old sinc)20(e 2012 - ev)5.1(en mor)33.2(e so f)33.2(or s)5.1(tudents)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 485.167 519.1984 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 504.2984 Tm [(paying int)20(ernational f)33.2(ees. F)18.1(or univ)5.1(ersit)-14.9(y s)5.1(t)15.1(af)-9.8(f v)5.1(olunt)20(eers, these ser)-29.8(vic)20(es w)20(e)0(r)33.2(e)0( of)-12.9(t)20(e)0(n)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 466.0618 504.2984 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 489.3984 Tm .0001 Tc -.0001 Tw [(int)20.1(er)-24.8(w)7.2(o).1(v)5.2(en with their paid w)7.2(ork, cr)33.3(e)5.2(ating blur)10.1(r)33.3(ed boundaries be)10.1(tw)20.1(een the kind of w)7.2(ork they)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 507.8235 489.3984 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 474.4984 Tm .0001 Tc -.0001 Tw [(v)5.2(olunt)15.2(arily t)20.1(ook on, v)5.2(ersus the kind of w)7.2(ork that they c)20.1(ould demand payment f)33.3(o).1(r)48.2(.).1( This w)13.3(a).1(s)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 499.8934 474.4984 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 459.5984 Tm .0001 Tc -.0001 Tw [(especially per)-14.8(tinent f)33.3(or v)5.2(olunt)15.2(ar)-11.9(y w)7.2(ork which, in the eyes of v)5.2(olunt)20.1(eers, pr)33.3(omo)17.2(t)20.1(ed the)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 480.6636 459.5984 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 444.6984 Tm [(r)33.2(eput)15.1(ation of the univ)5.1(ersit)-14.9(y and w)13.2(as ther)33.2(ef)33.2(or)33.2(e fr)33.2(ee labour which w)13.2(as dir)33.2(ec)-19.8(tly beneficial t)20(o)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 496.1964 444.6984 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 429.7984 Tm [(their employers. It is my aim t)20(o)0( find out whe)10(ther o)17.1(ther v)5.1(olunt)20(eers also e)17.1(xperienc)20(e this)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 479.3754 429.7984 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 414.8984 Tm .0001 Tc -.0001 Tw [(ambiv)5.2(alenc)20.1(e, and if so)15.2(, how they navigat)20.1(e this.)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 302.3849 414.8984 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC /GS1 gs BT /F6 1 Tf 31 0 0 31 45.3543 371.9185 Tm .9 1 0 0 k -.0151 Tc .0001 Tw [(R)18(esear)30.9(ch ques)5(tions and me)8(thodolog)-35(y )]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 31 0 0 31 499.179 371.9185 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC /GS2 gs BT /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 93.5433 349.4185 Tm 0 0 0 1 k [(While my final thesis will c)20(o)0(v)5.1(er a br)33.2(oader field, I hav)5.1(e f)33.2(ocused on the f)33.2(ollowing tw)7.1(o r)33.2(ese)5.1(ar)33.2(ch)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 505.235 349.4185 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 334.4185 Tm [(ques)5.1(tions f)33.2(or the purposes of this paper)-49.8(: )]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 279.2836 334.4185 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC /GS1 gs BT /F3 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 93.5433 311.9185 Tm /Cs8 cs 1 scn (1.)Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC /GS2 gs BT /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 116.2205 311.9185 Tm 0 0 0 1 k [(What ar)33.2(e L)57.1(G)0(B)32.2(T+ v)5.1(olunt)20(eers)10( views on the r)33.2(ole of their w)7.1(ork within the univ)5.1(ersit)-14.9(y)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 477.9091 311.9185 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 116.2205 296.9185 Tm [(s)-9.8(y)-9.8(s)5.1(t)20(em? )]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 156.8697 296.9185 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC /GS1 gs BT /F3 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 93.5433 274.4185 Tm /Cs8 cs 1 scn (2.)Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC /GS2 gs BT /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 116.2205 274.4185 Tm 0 0 0 1 k [(How do L)57.1(G)0(B)32.2(T+ v)5.1(olunt)20(eers e)17.1(xperienc)20(e the suppor)-14.9(t \(or lack ther)33.2(eof)-69.8(\) fr)33.2(om their)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 466.6884 274.4185 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 116.2205 259.4185 Tm [(ins)5.1(titution of educ)10(ation with r)33.2(egar)33.2(ds t)20(o)0( w)7.1(orking t)20(o)0(w)13.2(a)0(r)33.2(ds L)57.1(G)0(B)32.2(T)32.2(-friendlines)5.1(s? )]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 460.2374 259.4185 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 236.9185 Tm [(In or)33.2(der t)20(o)0( ans)5.1(w)20(er these ques)5.1(tions, I hav)5.1(e c)20(onduc)-19.8(t)20(ed nine)10(t)20(een one-on-one s)-9.8(ynchr)33.2(onous)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 490.7277 236.9185 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 221.9185 Tm [(online int)20(er)-29.8(views with people who hav)5.1(e par)-14.9(ticipat)20(ed in univ)5.1(ersit)-14.9(y-based L)57.1(G)0(B)32.2(T+ v)5.1(olunt)20(eering)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 508.9561 221.9185 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 206.9185 Tm [(in the period 2017-2022. These int)20(er)-29.8(views w)20(e)0(r)33.2(e)0( c)20(onduc)-19.8(t)20(ed using a semi-s)5.1(truc)-19.8(tur)33.2(ed)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 477.4954 206.9185 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 191.9185 Tm [(int)20(er)-29.8(view schedule, which allow)20(ed me t)20(o)0( inv)5.1(es)5.1(tigat)20(e une)17.1(xpec)-19.8(t)20(ed matt)20(ers that ar)33.2(ose in the)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 498.1334 191.9185 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 176.9185 Tm [(int)20(er)-29.8(view)20(, as w)20(ell as c)20(onsidering how par)-14.9(ticipants navigat)20(ed their position as a v)5.1(olunt)20(eer)68.1(,)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 491.7471 176.9185 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 161.9185 Tm [(without as)5.1(suming what this navigation may look lik)20(e \(L)10(une and Ber)33.2(g)-19.8(,)0( 2017\). These)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 465.623 161.9185 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 146.9185 Tm [(int)20(er)-29.8(views w)20(e)0(r)33.2(e)0( me)5.1(ant t)20(o)0( gain, no)17.1(t an objec)-19.8(tiv)5.1(e view of v)5.1(olunt)20(eering lif)33.2(e, but r)25.1(ather)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 469.8694 146.9185 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 131.9185 Tm .0001 Tc -.0001 Tw [(inf)33.3(ormation on how v)5.2(olunt)20.1(eering is e)17.2(xperienc)20.1(ed by v)5.2(olunt)20.1(eers)-29.7(: how they fr)25.2(ame their)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 472.0856 131.9185 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 116.9185 Tm .0001 Tc -.0001 Tw [(par)-14.8(ticipation, and what language they use t)20.1(o).1( describe ev)5.2(er)-11.9(y)5.2(day ac)-19.7(tivities \()-19.7(W)27.2(r)25.2(ay and)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 471.127 116.9185 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 101.9185 Tm [(Bloomer)68.1(, 2012; L)10(une and Ber)33.2(g)-19.8(,)0( 2017\). )]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 274.2232 101.9185 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 79.4185 Tm [(I am cur)10(r)33.2(ently c)20(oding my dat)15.1(a in NViv)5.1(o. I per)-14.9(f)33.2(ormed Initial Open C)10(oding. C)10(odes that ar)33.2(ose)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 494.3611 79.4185 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 64.4185 Tm [(fr)33.2(om this pr)33.2(oc)20(es)5.1(s w)20(e)0(r)33.2(e)0( c)20(ollat)20(ed int)20(o ov)5.1(er)25.2(ar)33.2(ching themes using F)18.1(ocused C)10(oding)-19.8(, paying)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 480.7588 64.4185 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC /GS1 gs BT 0 19.6 -19.6 0 566.4054 82.2047 Tm .9 1 0 0 k -.005 Tc [(L)57.1(G)0(B)32.2(T+ V)21(O)0(L)33.2(UNTEERING IN HIGHER EDUC)-32.9(A)93(TION: C)32.2(O)12.2(M)5.1(MUNIT)-19.8(Y AND AMBIV)90.1(ALENCE)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /F6 1 Tf 18 0 0 18 556.0398 786.0681 Tm 0 1 0 0 k 0 Tc (4)Tj ET EMC /Artifact <>BDC .9 1 0 0 k .015015 62.362 14.158 717.166 re f EMC Q endstream endobj 113 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/ColorSpace<>>> endobj 115 0 obj <>stream H6THHP(.M0f endstream endobj 114 0 obj [/Separation/All/DeviceGray 115 0 R] endobj 149 0 obj <>stream /Artifact <>BDC q 1 i 0 841.89 595.276 -841.89 re 297.645 420.96 m W n .015015 841.89 595.29 -841.89 re W n .342 .38 0 0 k /GS1 gs 527.244 62.362 68.061 717.166 re f EMC /P <>BDC /GS2 gs BT /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 93.5433 771.3984 Tm 0 0 0 1 k 0 Tc 0 Tw [(att)20(ention t)20(o)0( patt)20(erns of similarit)-14.9(y)20(,)0( dif)-9.8(f)33.2(e)0(r)33.2(enc)20(e, fr)33.2(equenc)-19.8(y)20(,)0( sequenc)20(e, c)20(o)0(r)10(r)33.2(espondenc)20(e, and)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 491.1652 771.3984 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 756.3984 Tm [(c)10(ausation \(Saldaa, 2009, p.18\). A)-19.8(s)0( the pr)33.2(oc)20(es)5.1(s of int)20(er)-29.8(viewing is s)5.1(till ongoing)-19.8(, this paper)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 497.0106 756.3984 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 741.3984 Tm [(will c)20(onc)20(ern itself only with the thr)33.2(ee pilo)17.1(t int)20(er)-29.8(views that w)20(e)0(r)33.2(e)0( c)20(onduc)-19.8(t)20(ed t)20(o)0( r)33.2(efine the)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 487.1865 741.3984 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 726.3984 Tm [(int)20(er)-29.8(view schedule and t)20(e)0(s)5.1(t)0( out the pr)33.2(oc)20(edur)25.1(al aspec)-19.8(ts of the int)20(er)-29.8(view pr)33.2(oc)20(es)5.1(s. )]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 460.2664 726.3984 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC /GS1 gs BT /F6 1 Tf 31 0 0 31 45.3543 690.9183 Tm .9 1 0 0 k -.015 Tc [(Pilo)15.1(t int)18.1(er)-32(views )]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 31 0 0 31 235.1298 690.9183 Tm 0 Tc ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC /GS2 gs BT /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 93.5433 668.4183 Tm 0 0 0 1 k [(Thr)33.2(ee pilo)17.1(t int)20(er)-29.8(views w)20(e)0(r)33.2(e)0( c)20(onduc)-19.8(t)20(ed in July and A)5.1(ugus)5.1(t 2021 t)20(o)0( r)33.2(efine the int)20(er)-29.8(view)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 482.0775 668.4183 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 653.4184 Tm [(schedule and ensur)33.2(e that all ques)5.1(tions w)20(e)0(r)33.2(e)0( w)7.1(o)0(r)33.2(ded in a w)13.2(ay that elicit)20(ed the right kind of)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 496.3631 653.4184 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 638.4184 Tm [(r)33.2(esponse, while also le)5.1(aving r)33.2(oom f)33.2(or par)-14.9(ticipants t)20(o)0( bring in t)20(opic)-9.8(s of their own. All thr)33.2(ee)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 493.8519 638.4184 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 623.4184 Tm [(par)-14.9(ticipants in the pilo)17.1(t int)20(er)-29.8(views w)20(e)0(r)33.2(e)0( par)-14.9(t of the same L)57.1(G)0(B)32.2(T+ s)5.1(tudent socie)10(t)-14.9(y)0( be)10(tw)20(een)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 496.9753 623.4184 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 608.4184 Tm [(2012 and 2016. P)30(a)0(r)-14.9(ticipants w)20(e)0(r)33.2(e)0( int)20(entionally selec)-19.8(t)20(ed as a c)20(onv)5.1(enienc)20(e sample \(C)10(ohen,)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 499.7427 608.4184 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 593.4184 Tm [(M)5.1(anion and M)5.1(o)0(r)10(rison, 2017, p. 218\), in or)33.2(der no)17.1(t t)20(o)0( diminish the number of people who fit)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 504.7391 593.4184 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 578.4184 Tm [(the r)33.2(ese)5.1(ar)33.2(ch inclusion crit)20(eria. All par)-14.9(ticipants w)20(e)0(r)33.2(e)0( known t)20(o)0( me prior t)20(o)0( the pilo)17.1(t int)20(er)-29.8(views)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 509.0657 578.4184 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 563.4184 Tm [(and w)20(e)0(r)33.2(e)0( c)20(ont)15.1(ac)-19.8(t)20(ed dir)33.2(ec)-19.8(tly via social media. All par)-14.9(ticipants identified as cisgender w)7.1(omen)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 503.3899 563.4184 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 548.4184 Tm [(and w)20(e)0(r)33.2(e)0( aged 25-28. T)80.1(w)7.1(o int)20(er)-29.8(views w)20(e)0(r)33.2(e)0( c)20(onduc)-19.8(t)20(ed online via Micr)33.2(osof)-12.9(t T)107.2(e)5.1(ams, and one)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 506.0032 548.4184 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 533.4184 Tm [(w)13.2(as c)20(onduc)-19.8(t)20(ed f)27.1(a)0(c)20(e-t)20(o-f)27.1(ac)20(e. The int)20(er)-29.8(views t)20(ook r)33.2(oughly f)33.2(o)0(r)-14.9(t)-14.9(y)0( minut)20(es e)5.1(ach. )]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 445.9865 533.4184 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 510.9184 Tm [(P)18.1(rior t)20(o)0( the int)20(er)-29.8(view)20(, par)-14.9(ticipants w)20(e)0(r)33.2(e)0( ask)20(ed the f)33.2(ollowing demogr)25.1(aphic ques)5.1(tions f)33.2(o)0(r)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 485.6345 510.9184 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 495.9184 Tm [(monit)20(oring of the sample: )]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 211.8812 495.9184 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC /GS1 gs BT /F3 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 93.5433 473.4184 Tm /Cs8 cs 1 scn (1.)Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC /GS2 gs BT /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 116.2205 473.4184 Tm 0 0 0 1 k [(A)25.1(t)0( what univ)5.1(ersit)-14.9(y)32.2(/)10(univ)5.1(ersities w)20(e)0(r)33.2(e)0( you based during your L)57.1(G)0(B)32.2(T+ v)5.1(olunt)20(eering? )]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 481.2615 473.4184 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC /GS1 gs BT /F3 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 93.5433 450.9184 Tm /Cs8 cs 1 scn (2.)Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC /GS2 gs BT /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 116.2205 450.9184 Tm 0 0 0 1 k [(What w)13.2(as your r)33.2(ole\(s\) during your time as an L)57.1(G)0(B)32.2(T+ v)5.1(olunt)20(eer? )]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 405.1589 450.9184 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC /GS1 gs BT /F3 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 93.5433 428.4184 Tm /Cs8 cs 1 scn (3.)Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC /GS2 gs BT /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 116.2205 428.4184 Tm 0 0 0 1 k [(How w)7.1(ould you describe your se)17.1(xualit)-14.9(y? )]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 300.3135 428.4184 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC /GS1 gs BT /F3 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 93.5433 405.9184 Tm /Cs8 cs 1 scn (4.)Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC /GS2 gs BT /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 116.2205 405.9184 Tm 0 0 0 1 k [(How w)7.1(ould you describe your gender identit)-14.9(y? )]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 329.6405 405.9184 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC /GS1 gs BT /F3 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 93.5433 383.4184 Tm /Cs8 cs 1 scn (5.)Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC /GS2 gs BT /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 116.2205 383.4184 Tm 0 0 0 1 k [(How w)7.1(ould you describe your e)10(thnicit)-14.9(y? )]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 300.1604 383.4184 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC /GS1 gs BT /F3 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 93.5433 360.9185 Tm /Cs8 cs 1 scn (6.)Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC /GS2 gs BT /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 116.2205 360.9185 Tm 0 0 0 1 k (What is your age? )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 200.1065 360.9185 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC /GS1 gs BT /F3 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 93.5433 338.4185 Tm /Cs8 cs 1 scn (7.)Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC /GS2 gs BT /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 116.2205 338.4185 Tm 0 0 0 1 k [(Which pr)33.2(onouns do you use? )]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 248.4053 338.4185 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 315.9185 Tm [(These ques)5.1(tions w)20(e)0(r)33.2(e)0( e)17.1(xplicitly open-ended t)20(o)0( allow f)33.2(or par)-14.9(ticipants t)20(o)0( describe their)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 478.2158 315.9185 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 300.9185 Tm .0001 Tc -.0001 Tw [(demogr)25.2(aphic mark)20.1(ers t)20.1(o).1( the e)17.2(x)-4.8(t)20.1(ent that they f)33.3(elt w)13.3(as appr)33.3(opriat)20.1(e. P)30.1(a).1(r)-14.8(ticipants w)20.1(e).1(r)33.3(e).1( also)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 493.6302 300.9185 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 285.9185 Tm .0001 Tc -.0001 Tw [(t)20.1(old that they c)20.1(ould opt no)17.2(t t)20.1(o).1( ans)5.2(w)20.1(er these ques)5.2(tions if they did no)17.2(t f)33.3(eel c)20.1(omf)33.3(or)-14.8(t)15.2(able doing)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 509.2071 285.9185 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 270.9185 Tm .0001 Tc -.0001 Tw [(so. They w)20.1(e).1(r)33.3(e).1( ask)20.1(ed t)20.1(o).1( r)33.3(e)10.1(turn these ques)5.2(tions prior t)20.1(o).1( the int)20.1(er)-29.7(view)20.1(. All par)-14.8(ticipants r)33.3(e)10.1(turned)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 512.7062 270.9185 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 255.9184 Tm [(the ques)5.1(tions ahe)5.1(ad of the int)20(er)-29.8(view)20(, and all par)-14.9(ticipants w)20(e)0(r)33.2(e)0( happy t)20(o)0( ans)5.1(w)20(er all of them,)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 503.9314 255.9184 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 240.9184 Tm [(seemingly indic)10(ating that these ques)5.1(tions ar)33.2(e no)17.1(t seen as t)20(oo much of an imposition on)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 484.2256 240.9184 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 225.9184 Tm [(either their priv)5.1(ac)-19.8(y or their time. )]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 243.2495 225.9184 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 203.4184 Tm [(By vir)-14.9(tue of being a r)33.2(ese)5.1(ar)33.2(cher)68.1(, I had a c)20(e)0(r)-14.9(t)15.1(ain lev)5.1(el of pow)20(er during the c)20(onv)5.1(ersation which)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 504.5111 203.4184 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 188.4184 Tm .0001 Tc -.0001 Tw [(may hav)5.2(e c)10.1(aused the par)-14.8(ticipants t)20.1(o).1( f)33.3(eel lik)20.1(e they need t)20.1(o).1( disclose mor)33.3(e than they w)7.2(ould)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 493.2723 188.4184 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 173.4184 Tm [(ac)-19.8(tually f)33.2(eel c)20(omf)33.2(or)-14.9(t)15.1(able doing \(Jr)33.2(gensen and Phillips, 2002, p. 162\), especially with a t)20(opic)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 511.7511 173.4184 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 158.4184 Tm [(that is so int)20(er)-14.9(twined with par)-14.9(ticipants)10( personal and af)-9.8(f)33.2(e)0(c)-19.8(tiv)5.1(e his)5.1(t)20(ories. In or)33.2(der t)20(o)0( k)20(eep)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 489.8138 158.4184 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 143.4184 Tm [(par)-14.9(ticipant w)20(ellbeing at the he)5.1(ar)-14.9(t of the int)20(er)-29.8(view pr)33.2(oc)20(edur)33.2(e, par)-14.9(ticipants w)20(e)0(r)33.2(e)0( r)33.2(eminded)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 494.7953 143.4184 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 128.4184 Tm .0001 Tc -.0001 Tw [(jus)5.2(t bef)33.3(or)33.3(e the s)5.2(t)15.2(ar)-14.8(t of the int)20.1(er)-29.7(view that they c)20.1(ould pause or s)5.2(t)20.1(op the int)20.1(er)-29.7(view at any time.)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 512.0423 128.4184 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 113.4184 Tm [(The int)20(er)-29.8(view schedule w)13.2(as also se)10(t up in such a w)13.2(ay that no ob)5.1(viously emo)17.1(tionally char)33.2(ged)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 504.9321 113.4184 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 98.4184 Tm [(ques)5.1(tions w)20(e)0(r)33.2(e)0( ask)20(ed, me)5.1(aning that if any emo)17.1(tionally int)20(ense t)20(opic ar)33.2(ose, it w)7.1(ould be the)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 497.1895 98.4184 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 83.4184 Tm [(par)-14.9(ticipant who t)20(ook the le)5.1(ad, r)25.1(ather than my)-9.8(self)40(. )]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 319.289 83.4184 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC /GS1 gs BT 0 19.6 -19.6 0 566.4054 82.2047 Tm .9 1 0 0 k -.005 Tc [(L)57.1(G)0(B)32.2(T+ V)21(O)0(L)33.2(UNTEERING IN HIGHER EDUC)-32.9(A)93(TION: C)32.2(O)12.2(M)5.1(MUNIT)-19.8(Y AND AMBIV)90.1(ALENCE)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /F6 1 Tf 18 0 0 18 556.0398 786.0681 Tm 0 1 0 0 k 0 Tc (5)Tj ET EMC /Artifact <>BDC .9 1 0 0 k .015015 62.362 14.158 717.166 re f EMC Q endstream endobj 150 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/ColorSpace<>>> endobj 151 0 obj <>stream H6THHP(.M0f endstream endobj 175 0 obj <>stream /Artifact <>BDC q 1 i 0 841.89 595.276 -841.89 re 297.645 420.96 m W n .015015 841.89 595.29 -841.89 re W n .342 .38 0 0 k /GS1 gs 527.244 62.362 68.061 717.166 re f EMC /P <>BDC /GS2 gs BT /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 93.5433 771.3984 Tm 0 0 0 1 k .0001 Tc -.0001 Tw [(Although these s)5.2(t).1(r)25.2(a).1(t)20.1(egies do no)17.2(t undo the r)33.3(ese)5.2(ar)33.3(cher-par)-14.8(ticipant dynamic)-29.7(, they seemed t)20.1(o)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 504.3675 771.3984 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 756.3984 Tm [(hav)5.1(e w)7.1(ork)20(ed t)20(o)0( mitigat)20(e it)-39.8(, by finding a balanc)20(e be)10(tw)20(een par)-14.9(ticipants)10( aut)20(onomy in bringing)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 504.4963 756.3984 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 741.3984 Tm [(up t)20(opic)-9.8(s that ar)33.2(e impor)-14.9(t)15.1(ant t)20(o)0( them, and their aut)20(onomy in deciding how much t)20(o)0( disclose:)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 505.3753 741.3984 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 726.3984 Tm [(one of the par)-14.9(ticipants no)17.1(t)20(ed that some r)33.2(e)5.1(ally bad things)-29.8( had happened in her s)5.1(tudent)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 487.8178 726.3984 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 711.3984 Tm [(socie)10(t)-14.9(y)20(, but immediat)20(ely c)10(a)0(v)5.1(e)5.1(a)0(t)20(ed this with the s)5.1(t)15.1(at)20(ement that this w)13.2(as no)17.1(t some)10(thing that)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 505.8125 711.3984 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 696.3984 Tm [(she w)13.2(as going t)20(o)0( discus)5.1(s in the int)20(er)-29.8(view)20(. Ano)17.1(ther par)-14.9(ticipant described an int)20(er)25.1(ac)-19.8(tion with a)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 510.8266 696.3984 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 681.3984 Tm [(univ)5.1(ersit)-14.9(y s)5.1(t)15.1(af)-9.8(f member)68.1(, but e)17.1(xplicitly said that she did no)17.1(t w)13.2(ant t)20(o)0( identif)-29.8(y this person by)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 499.0316 681.3984 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 666.3984 Tm [(name on-r)33.2(ec)20(or)33.2(d. These tw)7.1(o e)17.1(x)10(amples show that par)-14.9(ticipants w)20(e)0(r)33.2(e)0( bo)17.1(th able t)20(o)0( identif)-29.8(y their)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 510.1987 666.3984 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 651.3984 Tm [(own boundaries and also f)33.2(elt c)20(omf)33.2(or)-14.9(t)15.1(able in e)17.1(xplicitly as)5.1(ser)-14.9(ting them t)20(o)0( me. )]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 436.3033 651.3984 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC /GS1 gs BT /F6 1 Tf 31 0 0 31 45.3543 608.4184 Tm .9 1 0 0 k -.015 Tc [(Analy)-12(sis and changes t)18.1(o)0( int)18.1(er)-32(view)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 31 0 0 31 447.3571 608.4184 Tm 0 Tc ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 31 0 0 31 45.3543 571.2185 Tm -.015 Tc (schedule )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 31 0 0 31 157.1715 571.2185 Tm 0 Tc ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC /GS2 gs BT /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 93.5433 548.7185 Tm 0 0 0 1 k [(Int)20(er)-29.8(views w)20(e)0(r)33.2(e)0( tr)25.1(anscribed in NViv)5.1(o)15.1(,)0( wher)33.2(e phr)25.1(ases w)20(e)0(r)33.2(e)0( c)20(oded during Initial Open C)10(oding)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 503.1343 548.7185 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 533.7185 Tm [(using in viv)5.1(o c)20(odes, t)20(o)0( s)5.1(t)15.1(ay close t)20(o)0( par)-14.9(ticipants)10( own language-use. These c)20(odes w)20(e)0(r)33.2(e)0( then)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 505.0886 533.7185 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 518.7185 Tm [(gr)33.2(ouped int)20(o ov)5.1(er)25.1(ar)33.2(ching themes using F)18.1(ocused C)10(oding. These themes w)20(e)0(r)33.2(e)0( cr)33.2(e)5.1(a)0(t)20(ed t)20(o)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 484.6555 518.7185 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 503.7185 Tm [(br)33.2(oadly c)20(o)0(r)10(r)33.2(espond t)20(o)0( the dif)-9.8(f)33.2(e)0(r)33.2(ent r)33.2(ese)5.1(ar)33.2(ch ques)5.1(tions, although r)33.2(oom w)13.2(as made f)33.2(or new)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 494.8638 503.7185 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 488.7185 Tm [(themes t)20(o)0( emer)33.2(ge as w)20(ell \(C)10(ohen, M)5.1(anion and M)5.1(o)0(r)10(rison, 2017, p.669\). )]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 419.1158 488.7185 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 466.2185 Tm [(Changes w)20(e)0(r)33.2(e)0( made t)20(o)0( the int)20(er)-29.8(view schedule as a r)33.2(esult of the pilo)17.1(t int)20(er)-29.8(views. F)18.1(o)0(r)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 471.1288 466.2185 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 451.2185 Tm [(ins)5.1(t)15.1(anc)20(e, a ques)5.1(tion on univ)5.1(ersit)-14.9(y e)17.1(xpec)-19.8(t)15.1(ations w)13.2(as added, as the firs)5.1(t par)-14.9(ticipant did no)17.1(t t)15.1(alk)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 512.7453 451.2185 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 436.2185 Tm [(about her e)17.1(xpec)-19.8(t)15.1(ations of the univ)5.1(ersit)-14.9(y at all. It also bec)10(ame cle)5.1(ar that par)-14.9(ticipants w)7.1(ould)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 500.1695 436.2185 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 421.2185 Tm .0001 Tc -.0001 Tw [(anticipat)20.1(e c)20.1(e).1(r)-14.8(t)15.2(ain ques)5.2(tions or t)20.1(opic)-9.7(s bef)33.3(or)33.3(e they c)10.1(ame up in the int)20.1(er)-29.7(view schedule. It w)13.3(a).1(s)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 502.5828 421.2185 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 406.2185 Tm [(ther)33.2(ef)33.2(or)33.2(e decided t)20(o)0( le)10(t go of the par)-14.9(ticular or)33.2(der in which ques)5.1(tions w)20(e)0(r)33.2(e)0( ask)20(ed, and simply)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 508.0971 406.2185 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 391.2185 Tm [(f)33.2(ollow the tr)25.1(ail that the par)-14.9(ticipant w)13.2(as alr)33.2(e)5.1(ady on, and hav)5.1(e the ques)5.1(tions mer)33.2(ely as)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 473.0059 391.2185 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 376.2185 Tm [(guidelines t)20(o)0( av)5.1(oid any t)20(opic)-9.8(s being c)20(omple)10(t)20(ely mis)5.1(sed out)-39.8(. This w)13.2(as t)20(o)0( av)5.1(oid asking the)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 488.0904 376.2185 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 361.2184 Tm [(par)-14.9(ticipant t)20(o)0( r)33.2(epe)5.1(at themselv)5.1(es \(which might giv)5.1(e the impr)33.2(es)5.1(sion that I w)13.2(as no)17.1(t paying)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 488.968 361.2184 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 346.2184 Tm [(att)20(ention t)20(o)0( their initial r)33.2(esponses\), and t)20(o)0( allow f)33.2(or a nar)10(r)25.1(ativ)5.1(e wher)33.2(e the par)-14.9(ticipant decided)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 512.6319 346.2184 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 331.2184 Tm [(upon the or)33.2(der in which t)20(opic)-9.8(s w)20(e)0(r)33.2(e)0( addr)33.2(es)5.1(sed, as w)20(ell as whe)10(ther)32.2(/)-32(how these t)20(opic)-9.8(s fit)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 485.9406 331.2184 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 316.2184 Tm [(t)20(oge)10(ther)68.1(, r)25.1(ather than f)33.2(ollowing a s)5.1(tric)-19.8(t schedule. )]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 313.1711 316.2184 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC /GS1 gs BT /F6 1 Tf 31 0 0 31 45.3543 273.2386 Tm .9 1 0 0 k -.015 Tc [(P)16.1(r)31(eliminar)-13.9(y findings )]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 31 0 0 31 282.8395 273.2386 Tm 0 Tc ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC /GS2 gs BT /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 93.5433 250.7386 Tm 0 0 0 1 k [(Of c)20(ourse, giv)5.1(en that these w)20(e)0(r)33.2(e)0( pilo)17.1(t int)20(er)-29.8(views, and giv)5.1(en their small and non-div)5.1(erse)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 487.2342 250.7386 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 235.7386 Tm [(sample siz)35.2(e, it is impos)5.1(sible t)20(o)0( dr)25.1(aw c)20(onclusiv)5.1(e, gener)25.1(alisable r)33.2(esults fr)33.2(om these int)20(er)-29.8(views.)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 501.9363 235.7386 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 220.7386 Tm [(How)20(ev)5.1(er)68.1(, the analy)-9.8(sis of the int)20(er)-29.8(views did illuminat)20(e c)20(e)0(r)-14.9(t)15.1(ain points of int)20(er)33.2(es)5.1(t f)33.2(or the)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 479.5493 220.7386 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 205.7386 Tm [(r)33.2(emainder of the s)5.1(tudy)20(, t)20(o)0( which I will now turn. )]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 311.7245 205.7386 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 183.2386 Tm [(One no)17.1(t)15.1(able finding which will inf)33.2(orm my fur)-14.9(ther r)33.2(ese)5.1(ar)33.2(ch, is that all par)-14.9(ticipants r)33.2(o)0(o)17.1(t)20(ed their)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 510.3391 183.2386 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 168.2386 Tm [(v)5.1(olunt)20(eering w)7.1(ork in c)20(onnec)-19.8(tions t)20(o)0( o)17.1(ther people within the univ)5.1(ersit)-14.9(y spac)20(e, while finding)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 500.4794 168.2386 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 153.2386 Tm [(v)5.1(alue in making these c)20(onnec)-19.8(tions c)20(omf)33.2(or)-14.9(t)15.1(able and e)5.1(asily ac)20(c)20(e)0(s)5.1(sible f)33.2(or \(po)17.1(t)20(ential\) new)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 486.7337 153.2386 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 138.2386 Tm [(members of the socie)10(t)-14.9(y)30(. This w)13.2(as of)-12.9(t)20(en c)20(ontr)25.1(as)5.1(t)20(ed with disappointment r)33.2(egar)33.2(ding)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 462.8561 138.2386 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 123.2386 Tm [(par)-14.9(ticipants)10( own e)17.1(xperienc)20(es of unw)20(elc)20(ome or intimidating initial c)20(ont)15.1(ac)-19.8(t with L)57.1(G)0(B)32.2(T)0(+)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 480.0395 123.2386 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 108.2386 Tm [(c)20(ommunities, or seeing o)17.1(ther people f)33.2(eel isolat)20(ed or insecur)33.2(e within the ev)5.1(ents that w)20(e)0(r)33.2(e)0( put)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 511.5118 108.2386 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 93.2386 Tm [(on by a s)5.1(tudent socie)10(t)-14.9(y)30(. This making of c)20(omf)33.2(or)-14.9(t)15.1(able c)20(onnec)-19.8(tions is a r)33.2(elativ)5.1(ely int)15.1(angible goal)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 511.9565 93.2386 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 78.2386 Tm [(c)20(ompar)33.2(ed t)20(o)15.1(, f)33.2(or ins)5.1(t)15.1(anc)20(e, implementing a par)-14.9(ticular polic)-19.8(y at univ)5.1(ersit)-14.9(y or national lev)5.1(el. M)15.1(y)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 509.5338 78.2386 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 63.2386 Tm [(r)33.2(ese)5.1(ar)33.2(ch will ther)33.2(ef)33.2(or)33.2(e aim t)20(o)0( flesh out how v)5.1(alue is c)20(ons)5.1(truc)-19.8(t)20(ed within L)57.1(G)0(B)32.2(T+ v)5.1(olunt)20(eering)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 503.6216 63.2386 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC /GS1 gs BT 0 19.6 -19.6 0 566.4054 82.2047 Tm .9 1 0 0 k -.005 Tc [(L)57.1(G)0(B)32.2(T+ V)21(O)0(L)33.2(UNTEERING IN HIGHER EDUC)-32.9(A)93(TION: C)32.2(O)12.2(M)5.1(MUNIT)-19.8(Y AND AMBIV)90.1(ALENCE)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /F6 1 Tf 18 0 0 18 556.0398 786.0681 Tm 0 1 0 0 k 0 Tc (6)Tj ET EMC /Artifact <>BDC .9 1 0 0 k .015015 62.362 14.158 717.166 re f EMC Q endstream endobj 176 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>>> endobj 200 0 obj <>stream /Artifact <>BDC q 1 i 0 841.89 595.276 -841.89 re 297.645 420.96 m W n .015015 841.89 595.29 -841.89 re W n .342 .38 0 0 k /GS1 gs 527.244 62.362 68.061 717.166 re f EMC /P <>BDC /GS2 gs BT /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 93.5433 771.3984 Tm 0 0 0 1 k 0 Tc 0 Tw [(c)20(ommunities in r)33.2(elation t)20(o)0( these int)15.1(angible goals of c)20(omf)33.2(or)-14.9(t)-39.8(,)0( kinship)15.1(, and securit)-14.9(y)20(,)0( and)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 479.6966 771.3984 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 756.3984 Tm [(par)-14.9(ticularly the e)17.1(x)-4.9(t)20(ent t)20(o)0( which these align with or dif)-9.8(f)33.2(er fr)33.2(om normativ)5.1(e disc)20(ourses of)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 483.272 756.3984 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 741.3984 Tm [(r)33.2(epr)33.2(oduc)-19.8(tiv)5.1(e futurit)-14.9(y)30(.)0( )]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 192.9405 741.3984 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 718.8984 Tm [(P)30(a)0(r)-14.9(ticipants also no)17.1(t)20(ed the dif)-9.8(ficulties in juggling r)33.2(esponsibilities and c)20(ommitting r)33.2(esour)33.2(c)20(es,)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 501.2571 718.8984 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 703.8984 Tm [(time and ef)-9.8(f)33.2(o)0(r)-14.9(t)0( t)20(o)0( s)5.1(tudent socie)10(ties while doing a degr)33.2(ee and/)32.2(or w)7.1(orking. Giv)5.1(en the)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 469.5637 703.8984 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 688.8984 Tm [(c)20(ontinued incr)33.2(e)5.1(asing c)20(o)0(s)5.1(t)0( of educ)10(ation and the rising financial pr)33.2(ec)10(arit)-14.9(y the C)32.2(O)21(VID-19)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 481.601 688.8984 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 673.8984 Tm [(pandemic has br)33.2(ought with it)-39.8(, it will be int)20(er)33.2(es)5.1(ting t)20(o)0( see how cur)10(r)33.2(ent L)57.1(G)0(B)32.2(T+ v)5.1(olunt)20(eers)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 489.076 673.8984 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 658.8984 Tm [(w)7.1(ork t)20(o)0( balanc)20(e their educ)10(ation, their inc)20(ome, and their unpaid w)7.1(ork)-29.8(. )]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 405.7845 658.8984 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 636.3984 Tm [(P)30(a)0(r)-14.9(ticipants also spok)20(e about c)20(onc)20(epts lik)20(e w)20(elf)27.1(ar)33.2(e)30()0( and )30(div)5.1(ersit)-14.9(y)-19.8()0( in ambiv)5.1(alent or)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 464.9346 636.3984 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 621.3984 Tm [(some)10(times ev)5.1(en c)20(ontr)25.1(adic)-19.8(t)20(o)0(r)-12(y)0( t)20(erms. F)18.1(or ins)5.1(t)15.1(anc)20(e, )30(div)5.1(ersit)-14.9(y)-19.8()0( w)13.2(as at one point used t)20(o)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 481.0995 621.3984 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 606.3984 Tm [(describe an alr)33.2(e)5.1(ady e)17.1(xis)5.1(ting lev)5.1(el of v)5.1(arie)10(t)-14.9(y)0( in human e)17.1(xperienc)20(es which simply needed t)20(o)0( be)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 508.6169 606.3984 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 591.3984 Tm [(acknowledged within the univ)5.1(ersit)-14.9(y cur)10(riculum. Y)100.1(e)10(t at o)17.1(ther times the t)20(erm w)13.2(as used t)20(o)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 487.7763 591.3984 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 576.3984 Tm [(describe an ide)5.1(al situation of v)5.1(arie)10(t)-14.9(y)0( within L)57.1(G)0(B)32.2(T+ spac)20(es, which had no)17.1(t ye)10(t been achiev)5.1(ed.)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 507.3418 576.3984 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 561.3984 Tm [(This is r)33.2(eminisc)20(ent of the v)5.1(arious t)20(empor)25.1(al me)5.1(anings that the ac)10(ademic lit)20(er)25.1(atur)33.2(e has)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 474.4293 561.3984 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 546.3984 Tm [(identified as f)27.1(alling under the t)20(erm )30(div)5.1(ersit)-14.9(y)-19.8(. )]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 298.9507 546.3984 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 523.8984 Tm [(On t)20(op of this, par)-14.9(ticipants e)17.1(xpr)33.2(es)5.1(sed frus)5.1(tr)25.1(ation with their wish f)33.2(or the univ)5.1(ersit)-14.9(y t)20(o)0( be in a)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 507.0854 523.8984 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 508.8984 Tm [(r)33.2(ole of r)33.2(esponsibilit)-14.9(y t)20(o)0(w)13.2(a)0(r)33.2(ds their L)57.1(G)0(B)32.2(T+ v)5.1(olunt)20(eering c)20(ommunit)-14.9(y)20(,)0( v)5.1(ersus the ac)-19.8(tual s)5.1(t)20(eps)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 500.9827 508.8984 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 493.8984 Tm [(that univ)5.1(ersit)-14.9(y s)5.1(t)15.1(af)-9.8(f t)20(ook t)20(o)0(w)13.2(a)0(r)33.2(ds per)-14.9(f)33.2(orming this r)33.2(ole, which w)20(e)0(r)33.2(e)0( positioned as inadequat)20(e.)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 510.0925 493.8984 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 478.8984 Tm [(This seems t)20(o)0( indic)10(at)20(e sev)5.1(er)25.1(al c)20(ommunic)10(ativ)5.1(e fric)-19.8(tions, firs)5.1(tly ar)33.2(ound how c)20(e)0(r)-14.9(t)15.1(ain buzzw)7.1(or)33.2(ds)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 510.7341 478.8984 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 463.8984 Tm [(ar)33.2(e used, but also what the e)17.1(xpec)-19.8(t)15.1(ations ar)33.2(e r)33.2(egar)33.2(ding r)33.2(esponsibilit)-14.9(y t)20(o)0(w)13.2(a)0(r)33.2(ds these c)20(onc)20(epts,)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 512.3573 463.8984 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 448.8984 Tm [(and what happens when these e)17.1(xpec)-19.8(t)15.1(ations ar)33.2(e no)17.1(t fulfilled. )]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 366.6102 448.8984 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 426.3984 Tm .0001 Tc -.0001 Tw [(While, again, these pilo)17.2(t int)20.1(er)-29.7(views ar)33.3(e no)17.2(t suf)-9.7(ficient t)20.1(o).1( dr)25.2(aw br)33.3(oader c)20.1(onclusions fr)33.3(om, they)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 508.7654 426.3984 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 411.3984 Tm [(do pr)33.2(ovide a small insight int)20(o the dynamic)-9.8(s of v)5.1(olunt)20(eering c)20(ommunities, and hav)5.1(e w)7.1(ork)20(ed)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 503.0753 411.3984 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 396.3984 Tm [(as an orienting devic)20(e f)33.2(or my fur)-14.9(ther r)33.2(ese)5.1(ar)33.2(ch. Her)33.2(e, I will hav)5.1(e the oppor)-14.9(tunit)-14.9(y t)20(o)0( e)17.1(xplor)33.2(e in)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 507.2346 396.3984 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 381.3984 Tm [(mor)33.2(e depth the w)13.2(a)0(y)-9.8(s)0( that univ)5.1(ersities ar)33.2(e e)17.1(xpec)-19.8(t)20(ed t)20(o)0( ac)-19.8(t in r)33.2(elation t)20(o)0( c)20(onc)20(epts lik)20(e w)20(elf)27.1(ar)33.2(e)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 510.6841 381.3984 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 366.3984 Tm [(and div)5.1(ersit)-14.9(y)20(,)0( what univ)5.1(ersities do t)20(o)0( r)25.1(aise c)20(e)0(r)-14.9(t)15.1(ain e)17.1(xpec)-19.8(t)15.1(ations \(in f)33.2(or ins)5.1(t)15.1(anc)20(e pr)33.2(omo)17.1(tional)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 503.678 366.3984 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 351.3984 Tm [(mat)20(erial\), and whe)10(ther or no)17.1(t L)57.1(G)0(B)32.2(T+ v)5.1(olunt)20(eers e)17.1(xperienc)20(e their univ)5.1(ersities as mee)10(ting)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 489.6329 351.3984 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 336.3984 Tm [(those e)17.1(xpec)-19.8(t)15.1(ations. I will now turn t)20(o)0( a discus)5.1(sion of this fur)-14.9(ther r)33.2(ese)5.1(ar)33.2(ch. )]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 428.5679 336.3984 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC /GS1 gs BT /F6 1 Tf 31 0 0 31 45.3543 293.4185 Tm .9 1 0 0 k -.015 Tc [(F)5.1(u)0(r)-12.9(ther s)5.1(tudy )]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 31 0 0 31 214.0468 293.4185 Tm 0 Tc ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC /GS2 gs BT /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 93.5433 270.9185 Tm 0 0 0 1 k [(This paper is being writt)20(en as I am half)-19.8(w)13.2(ay thr)33.2(ough c)20(onduc)-19.8(ting and tr)25.1(anscribing tw)20(ent)-14.9(y)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 485.4059 270.9185 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 255.9184 Tm [(int)20(er)-29.8(views with L)57.1(G)0(B)32.2(T+ v)5.1(olunt)20(eers. When initial c)20(oding and analy)-9.8(sis has s)5.1(t)15.1(ar)-14.9(t)20(ed, I will se)10(t up)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 500.6822 255.9184 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 240.9184 Tm [(f)33.2(ocus gr)33.2(oups with my par)-14.9(ticipants, t)20(o)0( allow f)33.2(or a discus)5.1(sion on the initial findings. The)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 476.8509 240.9184 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 225.9184 Tm [(decision t)20(o)0( inc)20(orpor)25.1(at)20(e f)33.2(ocus gr)33.2(oups w)13.2(as made as a r)33.2(esult of k)20(eeping L)57.1(G)0(B)32.2(T+ w)20(ellbeing and)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 499.2631 225.9184 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 210.9184 Tm [(dir)33.2(ec)-19.8(t benefit t)20(o)0( L)57.1(G)0(B)32.2(T+ people as a me)10(t)15.1(a-t)20(e)17.1(x)-4.9(tual aim of my r)33.2(ese)5.1(ar)33.2(ch: I f)33.2(ound it dif)-9.8(ficult t)20(o)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 497.9125 210.9184 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 195.9184 Tm [(r)33.2(e)0(c)20(oncile the no)17.1(tion that I am doing some)10(thing f)33.2(or these c)20(ommunities as a whole, with the)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 499.3715 195.9184 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 180.9184 Tm [(knowledge that any r)33.2(esults or r)33.2(e)0(c)20(ommendations based on my r)33.2(ese)5.1(ar)33.2(ch will t)15.1(a)0(k)20(e)0( months, if)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 498.6942 180.9184 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 165.9184 Tm [(no)17.1(t ye)5.1(ars t)20(o)0( f)33.2(ormulat)20(e - by which time many par)-14.9(ticipants might hav)5.1(e lef)-12.9(t the field alr)33.2(e)5.1(ady)30(. )]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 504.7113 165.9184 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 143.4184 Tm [(It w)13.2(as ther)33.2(ef)33.2(or)33.2(e decided that f)33.2(ocus gr)33.2(oups c)20(ould allow par)-14.9(ticipants t)20(o)0( mee)10(t o)17.1(ther L)57.1(G)0(B)32.2(T)0(+)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 491.9107 143.4184 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 128.4184 Tm [(v)5.1(olunt)20(eers, and use the spac)20(e no)17.1(t jus)5.1(t t)20(o)0( v)5.1(erif)-29.8(y or challenge my pr)33.2(eliminar)-12(y r)33.2(esults, but also)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 504.3805 128.4184 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 113.4184 Tm [(as a ne)10(tw)7.1(ork t)20(o)0( e)17.1(x)15.1(change f)33.2(eelings, e)17.1(xperienc)20(es, and s)5.1(t)0(r)25.1(a)0(t)20(egies. This is par)-14.9(t of a wider)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 475.7159 113.4184 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 98.4184 Tm [(s)5.1(t)0(r)25.1(a)0(t)20(e)0(g)-33(y)0( of making my r)33.2(ese)5.1(ar)33.2(ch as minimal an imposition on my par)-14.9(ticipants)10( emo)17.1(tional and)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 503.0067 98.4184 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 83.4184 Tm [(financial needs, thr)33.2(ough f)33.2(or ins)5.1(t)15.1(anc)20(e giving them an online v)5.1(oucher as a thank-you f)33.2(or their)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 503.1502 83.4184 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 68.4184 Tm [(time, by allowing them t)20(o)0( choose their own pseudonym t)20(o)0( av)5.1(oid c)20(oer)33.2(civ)5.1(e naming)-19.8(, and by)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 493.8474 68.4184 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC /GS1 gs BT 0 19.6 -19.6 0 566.4054 82.2047 Tm .9 1 0 0 k -.005 Tc [(L)57.1(G)0(B)32.2(T+ V)21(O)0(L)33.2(UNTEERING IN HIGHER EDUC)-32.9(A)93(TION: C)32.2(O)12.2(M)5.1(MUNIT)-19.8(Y AND AMBIV)90.1(ALENCE)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /F6 1 Tf 18 0 0 18 556.0398 786.0681 Tm 0 1 0 0 k 0 Tc (7)Tj ET EMC /Artifact <>BDC .9 1 0 0 k .015015 62.362 14.158 717.166 re f EMC Q endstream endobj 201 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>>> endobj 215 0 obj <>stream /Artifact <>BDC q 1 i 0 841.89 595.276 -841.89 re 297.645 420.96 m W n .015015 841.89 595.29 -841.89 re W n .342 .38 0 0 k /GS1 gs 527.244 62.362 68.061 717.166 re f EMC /P <>BDC /GS2 gs BT /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 93.5433 771.3984 Tm 0 0 0 1 k 0 Tc 0 Tw [(alt)20(ering the int)20(er)-29.8(view schedule t)20(o)0( allow par)-14.9(ticipants t)20(o)0( t)15.1(a)0(k)20(e)0( the le)5.1(ad on any po)17.1(t)20(entially)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 481.8239 771.3984 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 756.3984 Tm [(dis)5.1(tr)33.2(es)5.1(sing t)20(opic)-9.8(s \(see abov)5.1(e\). )]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 235.1042 756.3984 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 733.8984 Tm [(The schedules f)33.2(or the int)20(er)-29.8(views and f)33.2(ocus gr)33.2(oups will be inf)33.2(ormed by the inf)33.2(ormation f)33.2(ound)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 508.8436 733.8984 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 718.8984 Tm [(in the pilo)17.1(t int)20(er)-29.8(views, as will the subsequent analy)-9.8(sis of the dat)15.1(a. The findings fr)33.2(om the)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 487.2676 718.8984 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 703.8984 Tm [(int)20(er)-29.8(views and f)33.2(ocus gr)33.2(oups will be c)20(ompar)33.2(ed t)20(o)0( findings fr)33.2(om M)5.1(ultimodal Analy)-9.8(sis of)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 477.6806 703.8984 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 11 0 0 11 93.5433 688.8984 Tm [(univ)5.1(ersit)-14.9(y pr)33.2(omo)17.1(tional mat)20(erial. 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